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Country-level estimates of negative reciprocity

Estimates measured in standard deviations from the global distribution, where 0 is the average. Positive values reflect more negative reciprocity than the world
average. Values shown correspond to country-level averages.

0No data-0.5-0.3-0.10.10.3>0.5
World

Source: Falk, Becker, Dohmen, Enke, Huffman, and Sunde (2018) - Global Preferences Survey (GPS)

Note: Negative reciprocity was measured with survey questions asking about respondents' willingness to punish someone for unfair behavior. See source for more details.