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View our work on COVID-19 vaccinationsSpending on research and development as share of GDP, 2014
Expenditures for research and development are current and capital expenditures (both public and private) on creative work undertaken systematically to increase
knowledge, including knowledge of humanity, culture, and society, and the use of knowledge for new applications. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and
experimental development.
1996
2014