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Total value of exports by country to world (% of GDP), Japan, 1868 to 2014

Figure illustrates how dyadic and national estimates of the total value of exports by country to the rest of the world compare. Dyadic trade may not present a
comprehensive account of a nation's trade activities. Aggregating partner trade does not translate into national figures as trade flows to categories such as 'Other
trading partners', amongst others, may be excluded from bilateral trade figures.

186820141880190019201940196019802000CEPII NationalCEPII Dyadic

Source: Fouquin and Hugot (CEPII 2016)