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National average learning outcomes vs government expenditure per student, 2010

National average learning outcomes correspond to test scores across standardized, psychometrically-robust international and regional student achievement tests.
Expenditure per student corresponds to general government spending in primary education divided by total primary enrollment. Spending is adjusted to account for
price differences between countries.

Government expenditure per primary student (PPP$)1001,00010,000AverageharmonisedlearningoutcomescoreIndiaIndiaUnited StatesUnited StatesIndonesiaIndonesiaBrazilBrazilJapanJapanMexicoMexicoDemocratic Republic of CongoDemocratic Republic of CongoTanzaniaTanzaniaKenyaKenyaPolandPolandUgandaUgandaCzechiaCzechiaJordanJordanMongoliaMongoliaGambiaGambiaAfricaAsiaEuropeNorth AmericaOceaniaSouth America

Source: Altinok, Angrist, and Patrinos (2018), UNESCO Institute for Statistics