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Share of students achieving intermediate learning outcomes, 1970 to 2015

Proportion of students achieving an intermediate proficiency benchmark. Achievement outcomes come from standardized, psychometrically-robust international and
regional tests. In order to maximize coverage by country, tests have been harmonized and pooled across subjects (math, reading, science) and levels (primary and
secondary education). See source for details on proficiency benchmarks.

197020151980199020002010FinlandHong KongSingaporeUnited KingdomSpainBrazilJordanBurkina FasoPeruJapan

Source: Altinok, Angrist, and Patrinos (2018)