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National average learning outcomes, 1985 vs 2015

Average scores across standardized, psychometrically-robust international and regional student achievement tests. In order to maximize coverage by country, tests
have been harmonizedand pooled across subjects (math, reading, science) and levels (primary and secondary education). The observations correspond to 1985 and
2015, or closest year available.

Average harmonised learning outcome score in 1985100200300400500Averageharmonisedlearningoutcomescorein2015United StatesUnited StatesBrazilBrazilRussiaRussiaMexicoMexicoItalyItalyPeruPeruGreeceGreecePortugalPortugalJordanJordanAustriaAustriaLatviaLatviaAfricaAsiaEuropeNorth AmericaOceaniaSouth AmericaNo data

Source: Altinok, Angrist, and Patrinos (2018)